Overzicht literatuur over online psychotherapie

Om deze misverstanden uit de wereld te helpen hebben we een overzicht gemaakt van de bestaande literatuur over online psychotherapie, te beginnen met de artikelen die de meeste bewijskracht geven (meta-analyses en systematische reviews). Ook andere reviews en losse artikelen worden opgesomd in het overzicht, waarbij de laatste is weergegeven voor verschillende vormen van psychotherapie (cognitieve gedragstherapie, schematherapie, EMDR en persoonsgerichte therapie). Ook wordt de literatuur over het lichaamsgericht werken in online psychotherapie apart vermeld. Tot slot vind je een lijst van artikelen die gaan over de implementatie van online psychotherapie.

1. Handboeken

• Andersson, G. (2014). The internet and CBT: A clinical guide. CRC Press.
• Anthony, K., & Nagel, D. M. (2012). Therapy Online, A practical guide. Terra-Lannoo.
• Mucic, D., & Hilty, D. M. (2016). e-Mental Health. Springer.
• Schalken, F. (2013). Handboek online hulpverlening. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
• Van Daele, T. (2019). ePsychologie: Over technologie in therapie. Academia Press.
• Weinberg, H., Rolnick, A., & Leighton, A. (2023). Advances in online therapy: Emergence of a new paradigm. New York: Taylor & Francis Ltd.

2. Meta-analyses

• Andrews, G., Basu, A., Cuijpers, P., Craske, M. G., McEvoy, P., English, C. L., & Newby, J. M. (2018). Computer therapy for the anxiety and depression disorders is effective, acceptable and practical health care: An updated meta-analysis. Journal of anxiety disorders, 55, 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.01.001
• Barak, A., Hen, L., Boniel-Nissim, M., & Shapira, N. (2008). A Comprehensive Review and a Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Internet-Based Psychotherapeutic Interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26(2–4), 109–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228830802094429
• Batastini, A. B., Paprzycki, P., Jones, A. C. T., & MacLean, N. (2021). Are videoconferenced mental and behavioral health services just as good as in-person? A meta-analysis of a fast-growing practice. Clinical psychology review, 83, 101944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101944
• Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P., Riper, H., & Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2018). Internet-based vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 47(1), 1–18. https://doi-org.ru.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/16506073.2017.1401115
• Giovanetti A. K., Punt S. E., Nelson E. L., Ilardi S. S. (2022). Teletherapy versus in-person psychotherapy for depression: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Telemedicine e-Health 28, 1–13. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2021.0294
• Karyotaki, D.D. Ebert, L. Donkin, H. Riper, J. Twisk, S. Burger, A. Rozental, A. Lange, A.D. Williams, A.C. Zarski, A. Geraedts, A. van Straten, A. Kleiboer, B. Meyer, B.B. Ünlü Ince, C. Buntrock, D. Lehr, F.J. Snoek, G. Andrews, P. Cuijpers (2018). Do guided internet-based interventions result in clinically relevant changes for patients with depression? An individual participant data meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 63:80-92. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.007
• Karyotaki, E., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Hoogendoorn, A., Kleiboer, A., Mira, A., Mackinnon, A., Meyer, B., Botella, C., Littlewood, E., Andersson, G., Christensen, H., Klein, J. P., Schröder, J., Bretón-López, J., Scheider, J., Griffiths, K., Farrer, L., Huibers, M. J., Phillips, R., … Cuijpers, P. (2017). Efficacy of Self-guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data. JAMA psychiatry, 74(4), 351–359. https://doi-org.ru.idm.oclc.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0044.
• Matsumoto, K., et al. (2021). Effectiveness of videoconference-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with psychiatric disorders: A systematic and meta-analytic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(12), e31293. https://doi.org/10.2196/31293
• Norwood, C., Moghaddam, N. G., Malins, S., & Sabin-Farrell, R. (2018). Working alliance and outcome effectiveness in videoconferencing psychotherapy: A systematic review and noninferiority meta-analysis. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 25(6), 797–808. https://doi-org.ru.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/cpp.2315
• Wright, J. H., Owen, J. J., Richards, D., Eells, T. D., Richardson, T., Brown, G. K., Barrett, M., Rasku, M. A., Polser, G., & Thase, M. E. (2019). Computer-Assisted Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 80(2), 18r12188. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.18r12188
• Ye, Z., Li, W., Zhu, R. (2022). Online psychosocial interventions for improving mental health in people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 316, 120-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.023.
• Zandieh, S., Abdollahzadeh, S. M., Sadeghirad, B., Wang, L., McCabe, R. E., Yao, L., Inness, B. E., Pathak, A., Couban, R. J., Crandon, H., Torabiardakani, K., Bieling, P., & Busse, J. W. (2024). Therapist-guided remote versus in-person cognitive behavioural therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne, 196(10), E327–E340. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.230274

3. Systematische reviews

• Backhaus, A., Agha, Z., Maglione, M. L., Repp, A., Ross, B., Zuest, D., Rice-Thorp, N. M., Lohr, J., & Thorp, S. R. (2012). Videoconferencing psychotherapy: a systematic review. Psychological services, 9(2), 111–131. https://doi-org.ru.idm.oclc.org/10.1037/a0027924
• Berryhill, M. B., Culmer, N., Williams, N., Halli-Tierney, A., Betancourt, A., Roberts, H., & King, M. (2019). Videoconferencing psychotherapy and depression: A systematic review. Telemedicine and E-Health, 25(6). https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2018.0058
• Berryhill, M. B., Halli-Tierney, A., Culmer, N., Williams, N., Betancourt, A., King, M., Ruggles, H. (2018). Videoconferencing psychological therapy and anxiety: a systematic review. Family Practice, 36(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmy072
• De Witte, N. A. J., Joris, S., Van Assche, E., & Van Daele, T. (2021). Technological and digital interventions for mental health and wellbeing: an overview of systematic reviews. Frontiers in Digital Health, 3, 754337. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2021.754337

4. Overige reviews van de literatuur

• Andersson (2016). Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatments. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12:157-179. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093006.
• Berger, T. (2017). The therapeutic alliance in internet interventions: A narrative review and suggestions for future research. Psychotherapy Research, 27(5), 511-524. DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2015.1119908
• Best, P., Meireles, M., Schroeder, F., Montgomery, L., Maddock, A., Davidson, G., Galway, K., Trainor, D., Campbell, A., & Van Daele, T. (2021). Freely Available Virtual Reality Experiences as Tools to Support Mental Health Therapy: A Systematic Scoping Review and Consensus Based Interdisciplinary Analysis. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-021-00214-6
• Thewissen, V. H. M., & Geurts – Gunther, N. C. H. F. (2021). De werkzaamheid van online psychotherapeutische behandeling voor diverse psychische aandoeningen en leeftijdsgroepen: een narratieve review. Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 47(3), 148-166. https://www.tijdschriftvoorpsychotherapie.nl/archief/jaargang-2021-uitgave-3/11722/
• van Leeuwen, H., Sinnaeve, R., Witteveen, U., Van Daele, T., Ossewaarde, L., Egger, J. I. M.,  & van den Bosch, L. M. C. (2021). Reviewing the efficacy and clinical utility of telecommunication in treatment of people with severe emotion regulation disorders: tele-dialectical behavior therapy (Tele-DBT) in borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 8, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-021-00165-7
• Tuerk, P.W., Keller, S.M., Acierno, R. (2019). Treatment for anxiety and depression via clinical videoconferencing: evidence base and barriers to expanded access in practice. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing), 16, 363-369. DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20180027

5. Overige literatuur over de online toepassing van:

5.a. Cognitieve gedragstherapie

• Cromarty, P., Gallagher, D., & Watson, J. (n.d.). Remote delivery of CBT training, clinical supervision and services: in times of crisis or business as usual. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X20000343
• Korecka, N., Rabenstein, R., Pieh, C., Stippl, P., Barke, A., Doering, B., Gossmann, K., Humer, E., & Probst, T. (2020). Psychotherapy by Telephone or Internet in Austria and Germany Which CBT Psychotherapists Rate It more Comparable to Face-to-Face Psychotherapy in Personal Contact and Have more Positive Actual Experiences Compared to Previous Expectations? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217756
• Morriss R., Patel S., Malins S., Guo B., Higton F., James M., et al. (2019). Clinical and economic outcomes of remotely delivered cognitive behaviour therapy versus treatment as usual for repeat unscheduled care users with severe health anxiety: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMC Med. 17, 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s12916-019-1253-5.
• Weidle, B., Babiano-Espinosa, L., Skokauskas, N., Wolters, L. H., Henriksen, M., Arntzen, J., Skare, A., Ivarsson, T., Groff, T., & Skarphedinsson, G. (2024). Online CBT Versus Standard CBT for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-024-01745-8.

5.b. Schematherapie 

Boom, B. van der, Lagemaat, A. P., Donker, T., Bos, J., Brand-de Wilde, O. M., Nikkels, K., de Beurs, D., Arntz, A., & Riper, H. (2022).  Schematherapie via beeldbellen; crossectioneel onderzoek onder therapeuten. Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 64, 609 – 616. 

Feldman, H., & Liu, X. (2020). Adapting Schema Therapy to the online environment. [Met kansen en valkuilen over het aanbieden van online schematherapie. Het artikel biedt ook strategieën om de samenwerking tussen cliënt en therapeut tijdens online therapie te versterken.] Schema Therapy Bulletin, ISST. DOWNLOAD HIER

5.c. EMDR

• McGowan, I.W., Fisher, N., Havens, J. et al. An evaluation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy delivered remotely during the Covid–19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 21, 560 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03571-x
• Strelchuk, D., Turner, K., Smith, S., Bisson, J., Wiles, N., & Zammit, S. (2023). Provision of online eye movement and desensitisation therapy (EMDR) for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a multi-method service evaluation. European journal of psychotraumatology, 14(2), 2281182. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2023.2281182
• Van Meggelen, M., Morina, N., van der Heiden, C., Brinkman, W-P. Yocarini, I. E., Tielman, M. L., Rodenburg, J., van Ee, E., van Schie, K., Broekman, M. E., & Franken, I. H. A. (2022). A randomized controlled trial to pilot the efficacy of a computer-based intervention with elements of virtual reality and limited therapist assistance for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Frontiers in Digital Health, 4, 974668. Open access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.974668

5.d. Persoonsgerichte psychotherapie

• Rodgers, B., Tudor, K., & Ashcroft, A. (2021). Online video conferencing therapy and the person-centered approach in the context of a global pandemic. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 20(4), 286–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2021.1898455 

5.e. Lichaamsgericht werken

• García, E., Di Paolo, E. A., & De Jaegher, H. (2022). Embodiment in online psychotherapy: A qualitative study. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 95(1), 191–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12359
• Eve, J. (2023). Relating in online body psychotherapy: ‘Are you there?’. Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy, 18(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/17432979.2022.2127901

6. Implementatie

• Buckman J. E., Saunders R., Leibowitz J., Minton R. (2021). The barriers, benefits and training needs of clinicians delivering psychological therapy via video. Behav. Cogn. Psychother. 49, 696–720. doi: 10.1017/S1352465821000187
• Debard, G., De Witte, N., Sels, R., Mertens, M., Van Daele, T., & Bonroy, B. (2020). Making wearable technology available in mental healthcare through an online platform with stress detection algorithms: the Carewear project. Journal of Sensors, 2020, 8846077. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8846077
• De Witte, N. A., Carlbring, P., Etzelmueller, A., Nordgreen, T., Karekla, M., Haddouk, L., Belmont, A., Øverland, S., Abi-Habib, R., Bernaerts, S., Brugnera, A., Compare, A., Duque, A., Ebert, D. D., Eimontas, J., Kassianos, A. P., Salgado, J., Schwerdtfeger, A., Tohme, P., Van Assche,  E., & Van Daele, T. (2021). Online Consultations in Mental Healthcare During the Covid-19 Outbreak: An International Survey Study on Uptake and Experiences. Internet Interventions, 25, 100405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100405
• Ebert, D. D., Van Daele, T., Nordgreen, T. Karekla, M., Compare, T. A., Zarbo, C., … (on behalf of the EFPA E-Health Taskforce) & Baumeister, H. (2018). Internet and mobile-based psychological interventions: applications, efficacy and potential for improving mental health. A report of the EFPA e-health taskforce. European Psychologist, 23(2), 167-187. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000318
• Eysenbach, G., Behmanesh, A., Bramer, S., Humer, E., Stippl, P., Pieh, C., Pryss, R., & Probst, T. (2020). Experiences of Psychotherapists With Remote Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(11). https://doi.org/10.2196/20246
• Feijt, M., Kort, Y. de,  Bongers, I., Bierbooms, J., Westerink, J., & IJsselsteijn, W. (2020). Mental Health Care Goes Online: Practitioners’ Experiences of Providing Mental Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, doi: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0370
• Gaebel, W., Lukies, R., Kerst, A., Stricker, J., Zielasek, J., Diekmann, S., Trost, N., Gouzoulis, E., Bonroy, B., Cullen, K., Desie, K., Mulliez, A. E., Gerlinger, G. Günther, K., Hiemstra, H. J., McDaid, S., Murphy, C., Sander, J., Sebbane, D., Roeland, J., Thorpe, L., Topolska, D., Van Assche, E., Van Daele, T., Van den Broeck, L., Versluis, C., Vlijter, O. (2020). Upscaling e-mental health in Europe: a six-country analysis and policy recommendations from the eMEN project. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10/1007/s00406-020-01133-y
• Karayianni, E., Van Daele, T., Despot Lučanin, J., Lopižić, J., & Carr, N. (2022). Psychological science into practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: A European perspective. European Psychologist, 26(4), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000458
• Karekla, M., Kasinopoulos, O., Neto, D., Ebert, D. D., Van Daele, T., Nordgreen, T., Höfer, S., Oeverland, S., & Jensen, K. L. (2019). Best Practices and Recommendations for Digital Interventions to Improve Engagement and Adherence in Chronic Illness Sufferers. European Psychologist, 24(1), 49-67. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a 000349
• Koelen, J. A. (2020). Digitale toepassingen in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg van zelfzorg tot online psychotherapie. PsyXpert, 6(3). E-mental health – PsyXpert
• Liu, X. (2019). Getting started with online therapy. [Client guide met o.a. het creëren van een optimale therapie-omgeving, veiligheid en privacy en het voorkomen van afleiding.] Schema Therapy Bulletin, ISST. DOWNLOAD HIER
• Probst, T., Haid, B., Schimböck, W., Reisinger, A., Gasser, M., Eichberger‐Heckmann, H., Stippl, P., Jesser, A., Humer, E., Korecka, N., & Pieh, C. (2021). Therapeutic interventions in in‐person and remote psychotherapy: Survey with psychotherapists and patients experiencing in‐person and remote psychotherapy during COVID‐19. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28(4), 988–1000. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2553
• Tohme, P., De Witte, N. A. J., Van Daele, T., & Abi-Habib, R. (2021). Telepsychotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: The experience of Lebanese mental health professionals. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-021-09503-w
• Usluoglu, F., & Balık, E. A. (2023). Child therapists’ views and experiences of video conference psychotherapy with children. Current Psychology : A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 43(7), 6309–6320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04820-w
• Van Daele, T., & van Assche, E. (2019). Blended therapie: een basis voor betere zorg? GZ-Psychologie, 11(1), 24-29. Blended therapie: een basis voor betere zorg? – GZ-psychologie (gzpsychologie.nl)
• Van Daele, T., Best, P., Bernaerts, S., Van Asche, E., & De Witte, N. A. J. (2021). Dropping the E: the potential for integrating e-mental health in psychotherapy. Current Opinion in Psychology, 41, 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.02.007
• Van Daele, T., Karekla, M., Kassianos, A. P., Compare, A., Haddouk, L., Salgado, J., Ebert, D. D.,  Trebbi, G. (on behalf of the EFPA Project Group on eHealth), Bernaerts, S., Van Assche, E., & De Witte, N. A. J. (2020). Recommendations for policy and practice of telepsychotherapy and e-mental health in Europe and beyond. Journal of Psychotherapy integration, 30(2), 160-173. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000218
• Van Daele, T., Mathiasen, K., Carlbring, P., Bernaerts, S., Brugnera, A., Compare, A., Duque, A., Eimontas, J., Gosar, D., Haddouk, L., Karekla, M., Larsen, P., Lo Coco, G., Nordgreen, T., Salgado, J., Schwerdtfeger, A. R., Van Assche, E., Willems, S., De Witte, N. A. J. (2022). Online consultations in mental healthcare: Modelling determinants of use and experience based on an international survey study at the onset of the pandemic. Internet Interventions, 30. DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100571
• Van Daele, T. (2020). Technologie en therapie: sofa en/of Skype?Karakter. Tijdschrift van Wetenschap, 70, 25-27.
• Van Daele, T. & Van Assche, E. (2019). Blended therapie: een basis voor betere zorg? GZ-Psychologie 11, 24-29. doi:10.1007/s41480-019-0002-x
• Wind, T., Rijkeboer, M., Andersson, G., & Riper, H. (2020). The ‘black swan’ for mental health care and turning point for e-health. [Over hoe de coronacrisis de GGZ beïnvloedt]. Internet Interventions. DOWNLOAD HIER